MyLibraryZotero17Demidenko, Yuri E.Litikum – Journal of the Lithic Research RoundtableLitikum – Journal of the Lithic Research RoundtableLitikum71–853archaeologybifacial toolsCrimean Micoquian TraditionEuropeMicoquianMiddle PalaeolithicpalaeolithicUkraine201520152064-3640https://doi.org/10.23898/litikuma0013This paper discusses various aspects of Palaeolithic industries having bifacial tool traditions, with an emphasis on Middle Palaeolithic Micoquian materials in Crimea (Ukraine). The described lithic artifact data and their complex analyses testify a great proportional variability of the same tool classes and types in various Crimean Micoquian Tradition assemblages, caused by a dynamic and many-sided Neanderthal group differences on flint reduction models as well as primary and secondary faunal exploitation at functionally variable sites. Also, there is a discussion on a genuine role of Micoquian bifacial backed knife (“Keilmesser”) types in the Crimean Micoquian. These types appear to be not intentionally manufactured tool types, representing instead various reduction stages of bifacial side-scraper and point production sequences where natural platforms (backed areas) of plaquette and thick flake blanks did serve as necessary technological elements of the process.https://litikum.hu