Szudán korai kőkora egy szakóca tükrében (Earlier Stone Age of Sudan in the light of a large cutting tool)
Attila Király*
* ELTE Régészettudományi Intézet / Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, 1088 Budapest, Múzeum krt. 4/B. ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-8206
Cite as: Király, A. (2013). Szudán korai kőkora egy szakóca tükrében (Earlier Stone Age of Sudan in the light of a large cutting tool). Litikum – Journal of the Lithic Research Roundtable, 1, pp. 5–21. https://doi.org/10.23898/litikuma0001
Abstract. Earlier Stone Age of Sudan in the light of a large cutting tool. The Out-of-Africa hypotheses gather recent African Early Stone Age research under one of the most important interpretive umbrella, which has to be tested against the hostile environmental and taphonomic situation in the Sahara. In comparison with the other parts of the continent, we recognize only a few archaeological sites here, mostly light artefact scatters from secondary contexts. The object of this paper is one of these artefacts: a Large Cutting Tool from the present-day Sudan. Through an analysis in morphometrics and technology, I sketch the possible uses of the data acquired, at different resolutions, in the Out-of-Africa scheme. According to local, regional and continental scales, I set up three questions: 1) How can we fit the examined tool in the prehistoric map of Sudan with the attributes in hand? 2) How can we include the region of Sudan into the Out-of-Africa realm? 3) What are the options for integrating similar isolated occurences with such comprehensive, theorydriven discourses like the early Homo migrations? As the Early Stone Age of Sudan is barely mentioned in the literature written in Hungarian, this paper aims to present a brief review about this particular area and time.
Kivonat. Az afrikai korai kőkor kutatásának egyik legfontosabb interpretációs közegét ma az Afrikai Kivonulások elméletei jelentik. A kivonulások modelljeinek tesztelését jelentősen megnehezítik a Szahara mostoha környezeti és tafonómiai viszonyai: kevés régészeti lelőhelyet ismerünk e területről, melyeket általában a felszínen csoportosuló, eredeti kontextusukat vesztett tárgyak alkotnak. Jelen írás tárgya egy ilyen lelet, egy kőeszköz a mai Szudán területéről. Az eszköz morfometriai és technológiai jellemzésén keresztül helyi, regionális és kontinentális léptékben vizsgálom a másodlagos helyzetből ismert régészeti emlékanyag értelmezési lehetőségeit. Ehhez mérten három kérdésre keresem a választ. 1.) A vizsgált kőeszközt milyen tulajdonságai által, és hová helyezhetjük el Szudán korai kőkori térképén? 2.) A szudáni régió hogyan kapcsolódik az Afrikai Kivonulás elméleteihez? 3.) Hogyan járulhatnak hozzá az ilyen szituációkból ismert leletek az Afrikai Kivonuláshoz hasonló globális régészeti diskurzushoz? Mivel a terület korai kőkora a magyar nyelvű szakirodalomban eddig alig tárgyalt jelenség, az írás ennek bemutatására is törekszik.
Keywords: Out-of-Africa, Early Stone Age (ESA), Middle Stone Age (MSA), Sudan, quantitative morphometrics, chaîne opératoire, handaxe, knife, Large Cutting Tool, secondary context
Kulcsszavak: Afrikai Kivonulás, korai kőkor (ESA), középső kőkor (MSA), Szudán, kvantitatív morfometriai analízis, műveletsor, szakóca, kés, nagy vágóeszköz, másodlagos kontextus
Data availability statement: Data sharing does not apply to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
Disclosure statement: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
Funding statement: The author received no financial support for the research and/or the publication of this article.
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike International Public License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). cbna You are free to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and transform the material, under the following terms: You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may not use the material for commercial purposes. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
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